The Aviation Reference Pilots Trust

Quick-access reference for METAR codes, ATC phraseology, squawk codes, V-speeds, and everything in between.

0+Pages
0+Topics
0+Terms
ICAOStandard

📖 Term of the Day

Vy
Best rate of climb speed — the airspeed producing the greatest altitude gain per unit time, used in normal climb operations to reach cruising altitude efficiently.
View in Glossary →

Reference Tools

Essential aviation reference material, aligned with ICAO standards and official publications.

Filter by:22 topics

ICAO Phonetic Alphabet

ATC

The NATO/ICAO standard alphabet used worldwide in aviation radio communications. All 26 letters with pronunciation.

ICAO Annex 10

METAR & Weather Codes

WEATHER

Decode aviation weather reports — METAR, SPECI, TAF. Wind, visibility, cloud, temperature, and phenomena codes.

WMO / ICAO

ATC Phraseology

ATC

Standard radiotelephony phraseology for all phases of flight. Clearances, readbacks, and standard calls.

ICAO Annex 10 / CAP 413

Airspace Classification

AIRSPACE

Class A through G airspace explained — requirements, separation, IFR/VFR rules, and communications requirements.

ICAO Annex 11

Approach & Landing

NAVIGATION

ILS, VOR, RNAV/GPS, and visual approach procedures. Decision heights, minimums, and missed approach guidance.

ICAO Doc 8168

Navigation Fundamentals

NAVIGATION

VOR, NDB, DME, and GPS navigation concepts. Magnetic variation, track vs heading, and dead reckoning basics.

ICAO Annex 10

Flight Planning

PLANNING

NOTAM reading, ICAO flight plan format, fuel planning, alternates, and pre-flight considerations.

ICAO Doc 4444

Emergency Procedures

EMERGENCY

MAYDAY and PAN PAN calls, emergency squawk codes, lost comms procedures, and standard distress phraseology.

ICAO Annex 2

Squawk Codes

EMERGENCY

Complete transponder code reference. Emergency squawks 7700/7600/7500, standard codes, and procedures.

ICAO Annex 10

V-Speeds Reference

PLANNING

Essential aircraft speed definitions. Vs, Vr, V1, V2, Va, Vfe, Vno, Vne — all explained.

FAA CFR Part 1

Q-Codes Reference

WEATHER

Aviation Q-codes decoded. QNH, QFE, QNE pressure settings and navigation Q-codes explained.

ITU / ICAO

Weather Symbols Chart

WEATHER

Aviation weather symbols — METAR codes, synoptic chart symbols, fronts, and precipitation types.

WMO / ICAO

Aviation Glossary

STUDY

200+ aviation terms and definitions. From ADF to Zulu time — a comprehensive reference.

ICAO / FAA / EASA

PPL Ground School

STUDY

Key topics for Private Pilot Licence ground school preparation — from principles of flight to regulations.

PPL Syllabus

VOR Navigation

NAVIGATION

VHF Omnidirectional Range navigation — radials, CDI interpretation, and VOR approaches.

ICAO Annex 10

NDB & ADF Navigation

NAVIGATION

Non-Directional Beacon navigation using ADF — relative bearings, homing, and tracking procedures.

ICAO Annex 10

SIGMET & AIRMET

WEATHER

Significant Meteorological Information and Airmen's Meteorological Information — decoding and interpretation.

WMO / ICAO

GPS / GNSS Navigation

NAVIGATION

Global Navigation Satellite System concepts, RAIM, WAAS/SBAS augmentation, and RNP/RNAV operations.

ICAO Annex 10 Vol I

ILS Approaches

NAVIGATION

Instrument Landing System — localiser, glideslope, marker beacons, CAT I/II/III operations and minima.

ICAO Doc 8168

RNAV & RNP

NAVIGATION

Area Navigation and Required Navigation Performance — LNAV, VNAV, LPV approach types and specifications.

ICAO Doc 9613

Approach Minimums

NAVIGATION

Decision altitude, decision height, MDA/MDH, visibility and RVR minima for all approach categories.

ICAO Doc 8168

Instrument Rating (IR)

STUDY

IFR procedures, holds, approaches, and instrument regulations for IR study and ATPL qualification.

ICAO / EASA / FAA
Advertisement

Quick Reference

The most frequently looked-up aviation codes — at a glance.

ICAO Phonetic Alphabet

AAlphaBBravoCCharlieDDeltaEEchoFFoxtrotGGolfHHotelIIndiaJJulietKKiloLLimaMMikeNNovemberOOscarPPapaQQuebecRRomeoSSierraTTangoUUniformVVictorWWhiskeyXX-rayYYankeeZZulu
Full alphabet with pronunciation →

Emergency Squawk Codes

7700General Emergency (MAYDAY)
7600Radio Failure (NORDO)
7500Unlawful Interference / Hijack
1200VFR — USA standard (not ICAO)
7000VFR — European standard
Emergency procedures guide →

Cloud Cover Codes (METAR)

SKCSky Clear (0/8)
NSCNo Significant Cloud
FEWFew (1–2 oktas)
SCTScattered (3–4 oktas)
BKNBroken (5–7 oktas)
OVCOvercast (8/8 oktas)
VVVertical Visibility (obscured)
Full METAR decoder →

Bookmark AviationRef.com

Press Ctrl+D (⌘+D on Mac) to bookmark AviationRef.com for quick access during study or flight prep. Free, no sign-up required.